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The HSS test, part of Kiwa PVEL’s Product Qualification Program (PQP), replicates extreme hail events that exceed standard IEC 61215 testing protocols. Modules are subjected to 11 impacts from 45 mm ice balls traveling at terminal velocity (~30.7 m/s), each impact delivering more than 20 joules of energy. 
Electra Battery Materials Corporation (NASDAQ: ELBM; TSX-V: ELBM) (“Electra”) and the Three Fires Group announced significant progress on the Aki Battery Recycling joint venture, the first Indigenous-led lithium-ion battery recycling initiative in Canada. Aki is pioneering a low emission, circular solution for managing battery waste, strengthening domestic supply chains and reducing reliance on offshore processing.
Since launching the joint venture in 2024, key milestones and strategic developments include:
- Formal establishment of Canada’s first Indigenous-led lithium-ion battery recycling venture, with Reggie George appointed as President and Andre Marais as Director of Strategy & Corporate Development.
- Shortlisting of technology partners following site visits and comprehensive due diligence on advanced battery recycling platforms.
- Ongoing engagement with government partners to secure funding for a bankable feasibility study.
- Evaluation of prospective sites, with plans to co-locate or near-locate the facility alongside lithium-ion battery manufacturers and on or near First Nations lands to maximize regional impact.
- Integration with Electra’s hydrometallurgical refinery, enabling local processing of black mass into battery-grade materials for OEMs, establishing a fully Canadian closed-loop supply chain.
Under the Aki Battery Recycling joint venture, Three Fires Group and Electra have partnered to establish a First Nations-led lithium-ion battery recycling company. Aki will process lithium-ion battery end-of-life and manufacturing scrap in a state-of-the-art pre-processing facility to produce high-grade copper, aluminum, and steel products through a battery pack and module dismantling process. The remaining material is then put through a shredding process to generate a high value intermediate product known as black mass.
Black mass contains critical minerals such as lithium, nickel, cobalt, manganese and graphite, which can be separated into saleable products through a subsequent refining process. Black mass from the pre-processing facility will be processed at Electra’s hydrometallurgical refinery north of Toronto and then returned to battery manufacturers to establish a localized closed-loop supply chain.
Reggie George has been appointed President of Aki, bringing more than a decade of experience in project management and capital raising. Mr. George is a member of Kettle and Stony Point First Nation and has an accomplished track record with startups in emerging technologies. Through his work with the Three Fires Group, Mr. George has been involved in more than C$3 billion in infrastructure and development projects in Ontario. Andre Marais has been appointed Director of Strategy & Corporate Development for Aki, bringing more than 15 years of experience encompassing both technical and commercial roles.
At the heart of Aki Battery Recycling is a commitment to Indigenous economic participation in the growing battery supply chain. The joint venture reflects a shared vision to create meaningful, long-term benefits for First Nations communities while pursuing innovation to enhance the sustainability of the critical minerals supply chain.
“First Nations participation in Canada’s emerging clean energy economy is essential,” said Reggie George, President of Aki. “The Aki partnership is rooted in mutual respect, shared benefit, and environmental accountability.
“Lithium-ion battery recycling aligns with traditional values of stewardship and responsibility for the land,” George continued. “By reclaiming materials and minimizing waste, Aki embodies a regenerative model of economic growth that supports both people and planet. Through this venture, we are creating long-term opportunities, reclaiming ownership over our resources, and building an economy that is both clean and culturally grounded.”
Three Fires Group will lead capital sourcing efforts and site selection for a state-of-the-art, environmentally friendly recycling facility in Southern Ontario. Electra’s contribution includes technical and commercial expertise as well as a refining solution to ensure that critical minerals from recycled batteries remain in the domestic supply chain. Aki’s pre-processing facility is designed for scalability and replication, with plans to expand operations in step with the growing demand for lithium-ion battery recycling.
In its initial phase, the proposed facility will recycle enough lithium-ion battery scrap to supply up to 100,000 new electric vehicles each year.
“Ontario currently has no battery recycling capabilities, even as projections show the province could generate up to 30,000 tonnes of battery scrap annually by 2030,” said Andre Marais, Director of Strategy & Corporate Development. “By aligning recycling capacity growth with gigafactory expansion, Aki addresses a critical supply chain gap and positions Ontario as a leader in the responsible recovery of battery materials essential to the energy transition.”
Aki has established a shortlist of technology partners aligned with a commitment to low-emissions processing and high-quality black mass production. Site selection is also advancing, with a focus on a limited number of locations in Southern Ontario near emerging gigafactories, maximizing proximity to key customers and economic benefits for surrounding communities.
Building on the joint venture’s initial scoping study, Aki is now engaged in discussions with government partners to secure funding for a bankable feasibility study on the pre-processing facility. The project is well-aligned with several Canadian funding streams, including regional economic development programs and Indigenous loan guarantee programs at both the federal and provincial levels, many of which prioritize clean technology and Indigenous-led infrastructure.
Electra’s hydrometallurgical refinery north of Toronto will process black mass produced by Aki, which is anticipated to result in one of the lowest carbon footprint recycling supply chains in the world. The black mass will be treated using Electra’s proprietary process to recover critical minerals that can be reintroduced into the battery supply chain.
“The integration of Aki’s upstream black mass production with Electra’s downstream hydrometallurgical refining creates a vertically aligned, closed-loop system optimized for efficiency, traceability, and material recovery,” commented Dr. George Puvvada, Technology Adviser to Aki Battery Recycling. “This alignment ensures feedstock consistency and process compatibility, enabling the higher recoveries of battery-grade materials that meet OEM specifications for reintegration into North American cell production.”
Unlike most other North American pre-processing facilities, Aki will operate predominantly on a tolling fee basis through long-term contracts. This creates a strong alignment of interests with battery manufacturers and ensures that Aki achieves a consistent return, independent of commodity prices.
“The current bidding model for battery scrap widely used in North America is unsustainable,” said Michael Insulan, Vice President, Commercial, at Electra. “Offshore recyclers backed by deep pockets and government subsidies can outbid domestic players, undermining competition and market efficiency. In contrast, long-term tolling agreements offer a more stable and scalable alternative, providing predictability in feedstock volume and composition, and enabling greater operational efficiency over time.”
Currently, it is estimated that the vast majority of black mass produced in North America is exported to China, directly or indirectly, where it is processed into battery-grade materials for Asian supply chains. The circular relationship between Aki and Electra will strengthen Canada’s capacity to retain and reuse critical minerals, supporting domestic industrial growth. This is not only aligned with stated Canadian economic growth policies but also serves to reduce carbon emissions related to the transportation of materials to and from Asia.
“The Aki venture has rapidly advanced from vision to execution,” Reggie George concluded. “We are building something that addresses both economic and environmental imperatives, while also putting Indigenous leadership at the center of the clean energy transition.”
Aki Battery Recycling | www.akirecycling.com
Three Fires Group | www.threefires.com
Electra Battery Materials | www.electrabmc.com
