Get Ready for NEC 2023

The 2023 National Electrical Code (NEC 2023) was released recently. The solar industry is well accustomed to the dynamic changes and updates in Articles 690 and 705. This latest version of Code has many changes and clarifications in these articles. Here’s a rundown of the top five – and some of the most impactful. 

#1. Article 690, Sections 690.1 and 690.2, Scope and Definitions

Right off the bat, in Article 690, we can find significant changes. The 690.1 images added in 2017 have been completely changed. Several components referenced in previous versions were removed. Code also focuses on core system components and the various circuits within a PV system, yet different system types are not explicitly defined. 

In addition, 690.2, Definitions, was completely removed from the article. Definitions can be found in Article 100, including some new and updated definitions. For example, the term PV String Circuit was added and defined as “The PV source circuit conductors of one or more series-connected PV modules.” And the definition of a PV source circuit now encompasses what was previously defined as PV output circuits. 

#2. Section 690.7, Maximum Voltage

In section 690.7 Maximum Voltage, we see a change to the rules for systems greater than 1,000V, and a reference to a new section in the wiring methods part of 690. The end of the charging statement in 690.7 illustrates the most significant changes; one- and two-family dwellings are still limited to 600Vdc circuits, and other buildings are still limited to 1,000Vdc circuits. The way Code treats systems over 1,000V is the significant change in this section. It now refers to 690.31(G) – a new addition entirely ­– for the requirements for these higher voltage systems. 

In the previous Code version, there was a reference to 1,500Vdc systems, indicating that they were exempt from Parts II and III in Article 490 when not installed on or in buildings. The 2023 Code replaces Article 490 with Article 495, Equipment over 1,000Vac or 1,500Vdc, Nominal. Given the current status of PV equipment ratings, PV systems do not exceed 1,500Vdc and Article 495 will not apply. 

The new 690.31(G) language needs to be evaluated for the application of circuits over 1,000Vdc. This section explicitly disallows >1,000Vdc circuits on or in one- and two-family dwellings, as well as any building with habitable rooms. There are allowances for the circuits to be on the exterior of buildings, with height and total length restrictions. This allows for the installation of some higher voltage circuits on buildings that were not allowed previously. 

#3. 690.12, Rapid Shutdown of PV Systems on Buildings

Everyone’s favorite Code section to have an opinion on has some changes as well. In general, the requirements have not effectively changed; instead, some clarifications have been added. For example, Exception No. 2 was added to the charging statement, calling out non-enclosed detached structures such as carports and trellises, stating that they shall not be required to comply with 690.12. 

Another common question for the controlled conductors received a clarification in the form of an exemption in 690.12(A). For circuits that originate from arrays, not on buildings, but which terminate on the exterior of a building, the requirements for controlled conductors do not apply. This means you can have a ground-mounted array that routes the dc circuits to an inverter mounted on the exterior of the building and be exempt from controlling those dc conductors. 

#4. 690.31(C)(2) Cable Tray

The allowance of PV conductors on rooftop cable tray showed up in the 2014 version of Code. This was a great addition that has been widely utilized, but with the 2023 changes, we are given greater clarification and guidance on installation practices and ampacity calculations. The new language directly references Article 392 and the requirements for adjustment factors to apply in ampacity calculations. The section goes one step further to dictate how to install smaller gauge conductors by applying similar rules as in 392.

#5. Article 705, Section 705.11, Source Connections to a Service

Not surprisingly, section 705.11 received some updates and clarifications, starting with the section's title. Installers are still allowed to connect PV systems to the service disconnect's supply side, and the methods will generally look the same as before. The Code making panel did add new requirements for the connections, specifically around how splices or taps are made to service conductors. 

There are also new sections on service disconnecting means, as well as bonding and grounding. Overall, these 705.11 changes should benefit installers by adding greater clarity to the requirements for these connections. 

Remember, as onerous as it may seem to stay up-to-date on the latest changes – especially given the speed at which the industry is growing – the object of the game is safety. 

Ryan Mayfield is Founder and CEO of Mayfield Renewables – providing system design engineering, specialized consulting, and educational programs for the solar and energy storage industries.

Mayfield Renewables | www.mayfield.energy